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A car transmission or gearbox provides speed and torque conversions with the use of gear ratios from a rotating power source to another device. It adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to the drive wheels of the vehicle. Transmissions often have multiple gear ratios with the ability to switch between them manually or automatically as speed varies.

A manual transmission generally uses a driver-operated clutch (a pedal or level operated by foot) and a movable gear stick that is used for regulating torque transfer from the internal combustion engine to the transmission. It allows the driver to select any forward gear ratio at any time. Modern automobile manual transmission has four to six forward gears and a reverse gear. The clutch is used as a coupling device for manual transmissions to separate the engine and transmission when necessary.

On the other hand, an automatic transmission can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves with a defined set of gear ranges and does not require the driver from shifting gears manually. Automatic transmissions are hydraulically operated. It uses a fluid coupling or torque converter and a set of gear sets to provide a range of gear ratios which takes place of a mechanical clutch.

Other types of transmissions, and uncommon types, include:

• Non-synchronous transmission, which does not use synchronizing mechanisms.
• Semi-automatic transmission, which does not change gears automatically but facilitates manual gear changes.
• Dual clutch transmission
• Continuously variable transmission
• Infinitely variable transmission
• Electric variable transmission
• Hydrostatic transmission
• Hydrodynamic transmission
• Electric transmission

Not all vehicles are locally made and there are dealers that import and wholesale auto accessories and components to service the local automotive industry. Having said, asking about the guarantee before proceeding with the service would be an advantage. Most mobile business services offer a guarantee for new parts installed including labour. These services, parts and accessories are available from stores that specialize in automobiles and also from the retailer of the vehicles, which can be requested upon purchase.
The Australian Automotive Aftermarket Association is the peak body that is concerned with the manufacturing, re-manufacturing, wholesaling, distribution and retailing of all vehicle parts, accessories, tools, equipment and services.

Car transmission tips

• When the transmission is malfunctioning, it will be easier to carry out repairs if you will be able to identify the parts that need fixing or replacement.
• Transmission fluid is very important for shifting gears. There should be no friction between various metal parts which can cause severe deformation in the gear box.
• Electronic aids are unreliable when it comes to checking the level of transmission fluid and engine oil levels. Conduct manual checks as much as possible to make sure an electronic failure does not cause more problems.
• The transmission needs to be repaired when your vehicle takes time to get moving from a complete stand still mode. This means that the hydraulics is not working properly.
• Never drive a vehicle after knowing that the transmission is damaged or is need of repair. Contact your mechanic immediately.